Questions Q To make the communication bidirectional, each layer needs to be able to pro-vide two opposite tasks, one in each direction.
The following shows the situation. If we think about multiplexing as many-to- one and demultiplexing as one-to-many, we have demultiplexing at the source node and multiplexing at the destination node in the data-link layer. Annotation As one of the fastest growing technologies in our culture today, data communications and networking presents a unique challenge for instructors. As both the number and types of students are increasing, it is essential to have a textbook that provides coverage of the latest advances, while presenting the material in a way that is accessible to students with little or no background in Description This is completed downloadable of Solution Manual for Data Communications and Networking 5th Edition by Behrouz A.
Never has it been more urgent for engineering students to understand the fundamental science and technology behind data communication, and this book, the first of its kind, gives them that understanding. It is also a valuable working resource for researchers, electrical engineers, and technical professionals.
Business managers, computer programmers, system designers, and home computer users alike need a thorough understanding of the basic features, operations, and limitations of different types of computer networks. The fifth edition retains many of the elements that made the fourth edition so popular, including readability and coverage of the most current technologies.
It offers full coverage of wireless technologies, industry convergence, compression techniques, network security, LAN technologies, VoIP, and expanded coverage of error detection and correction. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version. This authoritative volume covers the ins-and-outs of each vital topic, supplies practical examples and solutions, and provides helpful self-tests.
You'll also find up-to-date information on regulatory standards, switches, routers, frame relay, and security procedures. Words: 1, Pages: 5. To make the communication bidirectional, each layer needs to be able to provide two opposite tasks, one in each direction.
The router is involved in: a. The identical objects are the two messages: one sent and one received. At the application layer, the unit of data is a message. At the network layer, the unit of data is a datagram. At the data-link layer, the unit of data is a frame. A frame is a link-layer data unit.
It encapsulates a data unit coming from the network layer. In this case, the data unit is a datagram. A user datagram is a transport-layer data unit. It decapsulates a data unit going to the application layer. In this case, the data unit is a message. The data unit should belong to layer 4. In this case, it is a user datagram. The transport-layer packet needs to include two port numbers: source and destination port numbers. The transport-layer header needs to be at least 32 bits four bytes long, but we will see in Chapter 24 that the header size is normally much longer because we need to include other pieces of information.
At the application layer, we normally use a name to define the destinationcomputer name and the name of the file we need to access. An example is [email protected] b. At the network layer, we use two logical addresses source and destination to define the source and destination computers.
These addresses are unique universally. At the data-link layer, we use two link-layer addresses source and destination to define the source and destination connections to the link. The answer is no.
It only means that each of the transport-layer protocols such as TCP or UDP can carry a packet from any application-layer protocol that needs its service.
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