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PFAS are a large, complex, and ever-expanding group of manufactured chemicals that are widely used to make various types of everyday products. For example, they keep food from sticking to cookware, make clothes and carpets resistant to stains, and create firefighting foam that is more effective.

PFAS are used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, construction, electronics, and military. PFAS molecules are made up of a chain of linked carbon and fluorine atoms. Because the carbon-fluorine bond is one of the strongest, these chemicals do not degrade in the environment. Research on two kinds of PFAS forms the basis of our scientific understanding about this group of chemicals.

Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOA and perfluorooctane sulfonate PFOS were manufactured for the longest time, are the most widespread in the environment, and are the most well-studied. These widespread, manmade chemicals have leached into our soil, air, and water. More research is needed to fully understand all sources of exposure, and if and how they cause health problems.

However, the number of new PFAS chemicals appear to be increasing, and exposure is difficult to assess. When looking for possible human-health effects of chemical compounds, it is important to understand that they are hard to study, especially with thousands of variations in PFAS chemicals.

The research conducted to date reveals possible links between human exposures to PFAS and adverse health outcomes. These health effects include altered metabolism, 3 fertility, 4 reduced fetal growth and increased risk of being overweight or obese, 5 and reduced ability of the immune system to fight infections.

While knowledge about the potential health effects of PFAS has grown, many questions remain unanswered. NTP is leading multi-faceted toxicology studies to evaluate and identify the adverse effects of PFAS chemicals, such as:. Middle Harbour PDF, 3. Port Hacking PDF, 1. See Marine Notice SO Lake Keepit PDF, 1. Glenbawn Dam PDF, 1.

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