No notes for slide. Ancient Period B. Practical Mathematics As ancient civilizations developed, the need for practical mathematics increased. They required numeration systems and arithmetic techniques for trade, measurement strategies for construction, and astronomical calculations to track the seasons and cosmic cycles.
Babylonian Numerals The Babylonian Tablet Plimpton This mathematical tablet was recovered from an unknown place in the Iraqi desert. It was written originally sometime around BC. The tablet presents a list of Pythagorean triples written in Babylonian numerals.
This numeration system uses only two symbols and a base of sixty. Greek Period B. Greek Logic and Philosophy Greek philosophers promote logical, rational explanations of natural phenomena. Schools of logic, science and mathematics are established.
Mathematics is viewed as more than a tool to solve practical problems; it is seen as a means to understand divine laws. Mathematicians achieve fame, are valued ffoorr tthheeiirr wwoorrkk.. Euclidean Geometry The first mathematical system based on postulates, theorems and proofs appears in Euclid's Elements.
Mathematics and Greek Philosophy Greek philosophers viewed the universe in mathematical terms. Plato described five elements that form the world and related them to the five regular polyhedra.
Archimedes and the Crown Eureka! Hindu-Arabian Period B. Development and Spread of Hindu-Arabic Numbers A numeration system using base 10, positional notation, the zero symbol and powerful arithmetic techniques is developed by the Hindus, approx. The Hindu numeration system is adopted by the Arabs and spread throughout their sphere of influence approx.
Preservation of Greek Mathematics Arab scholars copied and studied Greek mathematical wwoorrkkss,, pprriinncciippaallllyy iinn Baghdad. Development of Algebra and Trigonometry Arab mathematicians find methods of solution for quadratic, cubic and higher degree polynomial equations. Hindu trigonometry, especially sine tables, is improved and advanced by Arab mathematicians Islamic Astronomy and Science Many of the sciences developed from needs to fulfill the rituals and duties of Muslim worship.
Performing formal prayers requires that a Muslim faces Mecca. To find Mecca from any part of the globe, Muslims invented the compass and developed the sciences of geography and geometry. Prayer and fasting require knowing the times of each duty. Because these times are marked by astronomical phenomena, the science of astronomy underwent a major development.
Painting of astronomers at work in the observatory of Istanbul He worked in Baghdad and wrote all his works in Arabic. He developed the concept of an algorithm in mathematics. The words algorithm and algorism derive ultimately from his name. He was also instrumental in promoting the Hindu-arabic numeration system. Evolution of Hindu-Arabic Numerals With these nine figures, and with this sign 0 which in Arabic is called zephirum, any number can be written, as will be demonstrated.
The Abacists and Algorists Compete This woodblock engraving of a competition between arithmetic techniques is from from Margarita Philosphica by Gregorius Reich, Freiburg, Lady Arithmetic, standing in the center, gives her judgment by smiling on the arithmetician working with Arabic numerals and the zero.
Rediscovery of Greek Geometry Luca Pacioli - , a Franciscan friar and mathematician, stands at a table filled with geometrical tools slate, chalk, compass, dodecahedron model, etc.
Shown here is a drawing of an icosidodecahedron and an elevated form of it. For the elevated forms, each face is augmented with a pyramid composed of equilateral triangles.
Early Modern Period A. This advances science in a manner similar to the introduction of the computer. Major ideas of the calculus expanded and refined by others, especially the Bernoulli family and Leonhard Euler. He suggested using letters as symbols for quantities, both known and unknown. This research was closely connected to his studies in physics.
Many years later he published his results to establish priority for himself as inventor the calculus. A diagram from Leibniz's famous article in the journal Acta eruditorum. He made contributions to almost every field of mathematics and was the most prolific mathematics writer of all time. His trilogy, Introductio in analysin infinitorum, Institutiones calculi differentialis, and Institutiones calculi integralis made the function a central part of calculus.
Through these works, Euler had a deep influence on the teaching of mathematics. It has been said that all calculus textbooks since are essentially copies of Euler or copies of copies of Euler.
Leonhard Euler - Modern Period A. Current Branches of Mathematics 1. Total views 55, On Slideshare 0. From embeds 0. Number of embeds Downloads 2, Were you one of those students who absolutely loved history class? Well, there's some good news: you can continue to discover and rediscover little-known stories from history — all without the stress of exams. We've rounded up seven of our favorite history podcasts, which, despite being different in tone and subject matter, will help you round out not just your playlist, but your knowledge of historical events too.
Imagine that you and your coworker-turned-best-friend run your mouths at a work party, so much so that someone suggests you start a podcast. And, then, you do, only to become a viral hit. Well, that's what happened to Tracy B. Both history buffs and history teachers swear by this podcast, especially since it delves into some of history's hidden — and most passed over — topics. Best of all, Tracy and Holly have an incredible chemistry, which makes listening fun and recalling the stories a cinch.
Some of our favorites include "Anne Lister," an episode about the titular queer person's diary, which is written in code; "SYMHC Live: Mysteries of the Color Blue," which discusses the history of the hue; and "Walt Whitman, Poet of Democracy," an episode that makes an argument for its subject being the most important poet in U. Have you ever wondered if you were taught the right lesson in school — or at least given a well-rounded picture of history? Sometimes, textbooks get it wrong, from blatant misinformation and editing decisions to mistranslations and a lack of varied sources.
Whether the history you read about in school wasn't quite right on purpose or by accident, you can glean a fuller picture with Revisionist History.
Hosted by Malcolm Gladwell, this podcast takes deep dives into both people and historical events. Its mantra? Give the overlooked and misunderstood a second chance to tell their story — the right way. Some standout episodes include "Blame Game," which focuses on Toyota's recall of 10 million cars; the museum scandal-filled "Dragon Psychology ;" and "Free Brian Williams.
NPR's Throughline explores the moments that have shaped the world and changed history as we know it. Hosted by Rund Abdelfatah and Ramtin Arablouei, this podcast has a cinematic feel that helps bring the historical moments it covers to life more than any textbook could.
For the hosts, every headline has a history — and those stories from the past can help us understand our present, and how it was shaped. Topics range from Whitney Houston performance of the national anthem at the Super Bowl in to presidential impeachments and the invention of race.
In short, nothing's off limits — and that's exactly why Throughline should be next in your podcast queue. Some standout episodes include "Reframing History: Mass Incarceration," an exploration into the origins of the U. Best of all, most episodes draw on an audio archive of rare interviews that Marcus conducted decades ago as part of an oral history he was commissioned to write in the late s.
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